如何区分风寒和风热?怎么选药更对症、更有效?中医如何治疗“刀片喉”?【科学防疫小贴士】(78)******
在中成药使用中,很多药适应症有风寒和风热的区别,大家应该如何区分自己的症状是寒还是热,怎么选药更对症更有效?
《新冠病毒感染者居家中医药干预指引》以及各地出台的指南指引,推荐了很多中成药,个人参照这些方案,该怎样选药?应注意避免哪些用药误区?
针对本轮疫情中患者出现的“刀片喉”,中医如何看待?在治疗时是否更有优势,应该如何缓解?
北京中医医院院长刘清泉为您权威解答。
在中成药使用中,很多药适应症有风寒和风热的区别,大家应该如何区分自己的症状是寒还是热,怎么选药更对症更有效?
对于新冠病毒感染,从中医来看是“疫病”,通俗的说,是传染性很强的外感病。对于外感病,无论其具有风寒或风热的属性,都会出现发烧、怕冷、乏力、咽喉疼痛等症状。因此,无论风寒或风热引起的临床不适,具有解表功能治疗感冒的药物都会有疗效。当然如果有专业医生运用中医理论进一步区分风寒、风热进行治疗会更有效。
对于临床表现为发热、怕冷很明显、肌肉酸痛、咽干咽痛、乏力、鼻塞流涕、咳嗽等症状的,多属于风寒导致,宜服用具有疏风解表功效的中成药,如感冒清热颗粒、荆防颗粒、正柴胡饮颗粒、清解退热颗粒等。
对于临床表现为发热、咽痛明显,怕冷不明显,肌肉酸痛、乏力、咳嗽等症状的,多属于风热导致,宜服用具有疏风清热、兼有化湿解表或清热解毒功效的中成药,如连花清瘟胶囊或颗粒、金花清感颗粒、疏风解毒胶囊、宣肺败毒颗粒、清肺排毒颗粒、热炎宁合剂(颗粒)、银翘解毒颗粒、蓝芩口服液、复方芩兰口服液、痰热清胶囊、双黄连口服液、抗病毒口服液等。
患者可根据自身症状,选择其中一种中成药,按照说明书剂量服用1-2天后,如症状无明显缓解或持续加重,请及时到正规医疗机构就诊。切勿盲目同时服用多种功效类似的中成药。
特殊重点人群,尤其是老年人合并慢性基础疾病的、肿瘤患者、免疫相关疾病患者、慢性肾功能衰竭在做常规透析的患者等,这些人群如果感染了新冠病毒以后,吃中成药的时候一定要向专业医师咨询,在医生指导下用药。
《新冠病毒感染者居家中医药干预指引》以及各地出台的指南指引,推荐了很多中成药,个人参照这些方案,该怎样选药?应注意避免哪些用药误区?
在参照《指引》用药时,应注意以下几方面。
一是经早期治疗,一般3天之内体温逐渐正常,之后一些患者会出现咽喉疼痛、咳嗽、声音嘶哑等症状,此时宜服用具有宣肺止咳功效的中成药,如急支糖浆、止咳宝、通宣理肺丸、连花清咳片、杏贝止咳颗粒等;咽喉疼痛明显者加用3天利咽止痛功效的中成药,如六神胶囊、清咽滴丸、金喉健等。
二是部分病人出现明显的乏力,以及胃肠道症状如呕吐、腹泻等,此时多兼有湿邪,宜服用具有化湿解表功效的中成药,如藿香正气水、复方香薷水等。但此时不宜服用清热解毒类中成药,以免导致腹泻或者消化道症状加重。
三是儿童出现发热、咽干咽痛、咳嗽者,可用金振口服液、儿童清肺口服液等;如发热、食少腹胀、口臭、大便酸臭或秘结者,可用小儿豉翘清热颗粒、小儿柴桂退热颗粒、醒脾养儿颗粒等。因儿童体质特殊,在服药之前最好咨询儿科中医师。对于婴幼儿,还可以采用一些非药物治疗手段,比如推拿、捏脊,或者中医刮痧,来缓解患儿症状。
对新型冠状病毒感染,要理性用药、合理用药,切忌病急乱投医、盲目用药。
一是照说明书选择相应药物服用,看清楚药物的适应症、禁忌症以及不良反应等情况;
二是用药48小时若症状未见缓解请及时到医院就诊或咨询专业医师;
三是中西药不宜同时服用,应至少间隔30分钟,同一类型药物不建议重叠服用;
四是一般服药时间5-7天,不建议过度服药。
针对本轮疫情中患者出现的“刀片喉”,中医如何看待?在治疗时是否更有优势,应该如何缓解?
“刀片喉”是声门和声带周围的黏膜发生了充血水肿,一般来说,在病程的第3-5天时表现明显。在呼吸道病毒感染急性期结束,病毒复制被抑制,炎症减轻,水肿改善后,将会逐渐恢复。
从中医来看,“刀片喉”是“热毒”从全身消退,而聚到咽喉局部的症状表现。因此,早期规范治疗,及早“解表透邪”,将“热毒”及早透出是治疗的根本,热毒透出来了,“刀片喉”的情况会减少,或不发生,如果只用发汗退热的药但热毒无法清除,“刀片喉”的情况会增加。因此,早期治疗上以解表药为基础,加上清热解毒利咽的药共同发挥作用,既能快速退热,缓解全身症状,又能减少咽喉的不适。
对于已经出现“刀片喉”的感染者,中医药也有很多办法,如及时加用具有利咽止痛、解毒利咽等作用的药物,如六神丸/胶囊、清咽滴丸、金喉健喷雾剂等;也可以由医生进行针灸治疗,针刺少商穴、商阳穴等。这些都可以很好的缓解咽痛症状,如咽痛持续加重,宜前往医院寻求治疗。
来源:国家卫生健康委员会官网、健康中国
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)